It was built, according to legend, around a tile depicting the Virgin and Child, which was attached to an oak tree in order to provide protection for the area. In the second half of the 15th century, following a plague epidemic, the population erected a wooden hut in devotion, which was later replaced by a Dominican convent complex.

The Renaissance-style church has ceramic lunettes, attributed to Andrea della Robbia, on the three entrance portals and a gold ceiling by Antonio da Sangallo the Younger.